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Moshe Feinstein (; : Moishe Fainshtein; ; March 3, 1895 – March 23, 1986) was a Russian-born American Jewish , scholar, and (authority on —Jewish law). He has been called the most famous Orthodox Jewish legal authority of the twentieth century and his rulings are often referenced in contemporary rabbinic literature. Feinstein served as president of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis, Chairman of the Council of the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of the Agudath Israel of America, and head of Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem in New York.

Feinstein is commonly referred to simply as "Reb Moshe"

(1986). 9781422610848, . .
(or "Rav Moshe").


Biography
Moshe Feinstein was born, according to the , on 7, 5655 in , Minsk Governorate, in the (now in Belarus). His father, David Feinstein, was the rabbi of Uzda and a great-grandson of the 's brother. David Feinstein's father, Yechiel Michel Feinstein, was a Koidanover Chassid. His mother was a descendant of talmudist Yom-Tov Lipmann Heller, the , and . He studied with his father and in located in , under , and . He also had a close relationship with his uncle, Yaakov Kantrowitz, rabbi of , whom he greatly revered and considered his mentor. For the rest of his life, Feinstein considered Pruskin as his .Finkelman, Shimon; The Story of Reb Moshe.

Feinstein was appointed rabbi of Lyuban, where he served for sixteen years. He married Shima Kustanovich in 1920 and had four children (Pesach Chaim, Fay Gittel, Shifra, and David) before leaving Europe. Pesach Chaim died in Europe, and another son, , was born in the United States. Under increasing pressure from the , he moved with his family to New York City in January 1937, where he lived for the rest of his life.

Settling on the Lower East Side, Feinstein became the of Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem. He later established a branch of the yeshiva in Staten Island, New York, now headed by his son Reuven. His son headed the branch.

Feinstein was president of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the United States and Canada, and chaired the Moetzes Gedolei HaTorah of Agudath Israel of America from the 1960s until his death. Feinstein also took an active leadership role in Israel's .

Feinstein was recognized by many as the preeminent authority ( ) of his generation; ruling on issues of Jewish law as they pertain to modern times. People from around the world called upon him to answer their most complicated halachic questions. "Rabbi Moshe Feinstein", hevratpinto.org. Retrieved May 8, 2020.


Halakhic authority
Owing to his prominence as an , Feinstein was often asked to rule on very difficult questions, whereupon he often employed a number of innovative and controversial theories in arriving at his decisions. Soon after arriving in the United States, he established a reputation for handling business and labor disputes, writing about strikes, seniority, and fair competition. He later served as the chief halakhic authority for the Association of Orthodox Jewish Scientists, indicative of his expertise in Jewish medical ethics. In the medical arena, he opposed the early, unsuccessful heart transplants, although it has been reported off-the-record that in his later years, he allowed a person to receive a heart transplant (after the medical technique of preventing rejection was improved). On such matters, he often consulted with various scientific experts, including his son-in-law Moshe David Tendler, a professor of who served as a rosh yeshiva at Yeshiva University.

As one of the prominent leaders of American Orthodoxy, Feinstein issued opinions that clearly distanced his community from Conservative and . He faced intense opposition from Orthodoxy on several controversial decisions, such as rulings on artificial insemination and . In the case of his position not to prohibit cigarette smoking, though he recommended against it and prohibited second-hand smoke, other Orthodox rabbinic authorities disagreed. Even while disagreeing with specific rulings, his detractors still considered him to be a leading decisor of Jewish law. The first volume of his Igrot Moshe, a voluminous collection of his halakhic decisions, was published in 1959. Codex Judaica Mattis Kantor, Zichron Press, NY 2005, p.299


Death
Feinstein died on March 23, 1986 (13th of II, 5746). Over 20,000 people gathered to hear him eulogized in New York before he was flown to for burial. His funeral in Israel was delayed by a day due to mechanical problems with the plane carrying his coffin, which then had to return to New York. The funeral was said to be attended by between 200,000 and 250,000 people.

Feinstein was buried on near his teacher, Isser Zalman Meltzer.

(2025). 9781317605447, Routledge. .


Prominent students
Feinstein's students included:

  • , rabbi of Agudath Israel of Long Island, New York
  • Avrohom Blumenkrantz (1944–2007), author of The Laws of Pesach
  • , rabbi of Ahavas Achim of Kensington, Posek for Women’s League (now "Mekor"), and Camp Simcha
  • posek and author
  • , rosh yeshiva of Mesivtha Tifereth Jerusalem in New York City, his son
  • , rosh yeshiva of Yeshiva of Staten Island, New York, his son
  • , dayan (judge of Chicago Rabbinical Council
  • Ephraim Greenblatt, posek
  • Av Beis Din (chief judge) of Vaad Hakehilos of Memphis, Tennessee
  • , rabbi and comedian who played Rabbi Hyman Krustofsky on
  • Moshe Dovid Tendler (1926-2021), rosh yeshiva (dean) at Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary, his son-in-law


Works
Feinstein wrote approximately 2,000 responsa on a wide range of issues affecting Jewish practice in the modern era. Some responsa can also be found in his Talmudic commentary ( Dibrot Moshe), some circulate informally, and 1,883 responsa were published in Igrot Moshe. Among Feinstein's works:
  • ; (Epistles of Moshe); pronounced Igros Moshe by Yiddish speakers (such as Feinstein); halakhic responsa in 7 volumes published during his lifetime and widely referenced by contemporary halakhic authorities. The final, seventh volume was published in two different forms, the resulting variations found in a total of 65 responsa.Shalom C. Spira, "A Combination of Two Halakhically Kosher Prenuptial Agreements to Benefit the Jewish Wife," footnote 100 [2] An additional 2 volumes were published posthumously from manuscripts and oral dictations that were transcribed by others.
  • Dibrot Moshe (Moshe's Words); pronounced Dibros Moshe by Yiddish speakers such as Feinstein himself; a 14 volume work of novellae with additional volumes being published by the Feinstein Foundation and being coordinated by his grandson, Mordecai Tendler.
  • Darash Moshe (Moshe Expounds, a reference to 10:16), a posthumously published volume of novellae on the weekly synagogue reading. Artscroll
  • Kol Ram (High Voice); 3 volumes, printed in his lifetime by Avraham Fishelis, the director of his yeshiva.

Some of Feinstein's early works, including a commentary on the , were lost in Communist Russia, though his first writings are being prepared for publication by the Feinstein Foundation.

Feinstein is known for writing, in a number of places, that certain statements by prominent which Feinstein found theologically objectionable were not in fact written by those rishonim, but rather inserted into the text by erring students. According to Rabbi Dovid Cohen of , Feinstein attributed such comments to students as a way of politely rejecting statements by rishonim while still retaining full reverence for them as religious leaders of earlier generations.


Notes

Bibliography
  • (2025). 9781510770232, Skyhorse.
  • Ellenson, David. "Two Responsa of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein." American Jewish Archives Journal, Volume LII, Nos. 1 and 2, Fall 2000–2001.
  • (1996). 9780881254440, KTAV Publishing House.
  • Rabbi Shimon Finkelman, Rabbi Nosson Scherman. Reb Moshe: The Life and Ideals of HaGaon Rabbi Moshe Feinstein. Brooklyn, NY: ArtScroll Mesorah, 1986. .
  • (2025). 9780739114469, Lexington Books.
  • _________. "Jewish education for women: Rabbi Moshe Feinstein's map of America." American Jewish history, 1995
  • Rackman, Emanuel. "Halachic progress: Rabbi Moshe Feinstein's Igrot Moshe on Even ha-Ezer" in Judaism 12 (1964), 365–373
  • Robinson, Ira. "Because of our many sins: The contemporary Jewish world as reflected in the responsa of Moses Feinstein" 2001
  • Rosner, Fred. " Rabbi Moshe Feinstein's Influence on Medical Halacha" Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society. No. XX, 1990
  • __________. Rabbi Moshe Feinstein on the treatment of the terminally ill." Judaism. Spring 37(2):188–98. 1988
  • Rabbi Mordecai Tendler, interview with grandson of Rabbi Feinstein and shamash for 18 years.
  • Warshofsky, Mark E. "Responsa and the Art of Writing: Three Examples from the Teshuvot of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein," in An American Rabbinate: A Festschrift for Pittsburgh, Rodef Shalom Press, 2001 ( Download in PDF format)


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